Biomass pellet fuel characteristics The fuel characteristics mainly include: water mass fraction, volatile mass fraction, elemental composition, calorific value, ash mass fraction and its composition, particle size distribution, fracture characteristics, density and so on. The particularity of biomass pellet fuel is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
The effect of biomass pellet fuel characteristics on the biomass boiler The influence of fuel characteristics on the boiler is mainly reflected in the difficulty of fire, the stability of combustion, the slagging and bonding, the characteristics of ash formation and the mass concentration distribution of ash in the furnace, combustion efficiency, pollutant discharge, heating surface layout, and crushing. Selection of the system and selection of auxiliary machines. Biomass biomass combustion process: first, the fuel particles are heated and dried by the high temperature bed material; then the fuel pyrolysis and volatile combustion; then some particles will expand and break first; and finally the coke burns with wear and tear phenomenon.
Biomass pellet fuel is particularly flammable, and volatile combustion is completed in a short time (about 3 s). The main stage of semi-coke combustion is 8 to 10 s after the fuel is put into the furnace, and the basic burning of the semi-coke takes 45 to 50 s. Therefore, the biomass is significantly different in the combustion process of the furnace and the combustion process of the coal in terms of time of occurrence and combustion history.
Influence of ash mass fraction Biomass requires a large amount of bed material particles to circulate in the circulation loop, resulting in a more even heat distribution, faster heat transfer, and more complete combustion. 1. Effect on combustion The increase in ash mass fraction increases the boiler material circulation and reduces the furnace combustion temperature, especially for biomass boilers with medium temperature separation. The biomass biomass boiler with medium temperature separation generally has a return temperature of about 620 ° C. When the ash content is greatly increased, the return temperature is lower than 550 ° C, so that the furnace temperature is rapidly lowered, sometimes even causing Furnace fire extinguishing accident.
2.Impact on load The ash mass concentration in the flue gas has a great influence on the heat transfer coefficient of the biomass boiler furnace. When the ash mass concentration increases, the convection and radiation heat transfer coefficient of the water wall will increase. Therefore, the ash mass concentration is used as the adjustment load and bed temperature. The means are widely adopted.
3. Effect on the material layer It is important to maintain the relative stability of the bed height during operation of the biomass boiler. If the bed is too high or too low, it will affect the fluidization quality and cause coking.
4. Influence on the arrangement of the heating surface of the tail The fuel ash mass fraction affects the mass concentration of fly ash in the flue gas, thereby affecting the ash and wear of the heated surface of the tail. Due to the influence of the amount of ash in the biomass pellet fuel, the ash accumulation in the tail economizer is severe, so the structure of the economizer is changed from the original staggered arrangement to the in-line arrangement.
In order to minimize the adverse effects of changes in the ash mass fraction in the fuel, when the fuel contains a lot of ash, the bottom slag is generally adopted. When the biomass pellet fuel contains less ash, the amount of ash on its own cannot meet the requirements of bed material circulation, and it is generally necessary to add bed material in operation. The extra bed material becomes the main body of the circulating material, and should be not easily worn, such as quartz sand, river sand, and the like.